Giving Thanks给予感谢

Unlike tyranny, democracy thrives on constructive criticism.不像暴政，民主繁荣的建设性的批评。 This work would not have been possible without the criticism, generosity and friendship of these people:这项工作将是不可能的，但批评，慷慨和友好的这些人：

Fair-share Spending was developed and tested by current and former members of Twin Oaks Community: co-founder Kat Kinkade, Trade-Off Game innovator Prof. Henry Hammer, quota inventor Keenan Dakota, facilitator Tree Bressen, activator Paxus Calta, and gamer Jess Little.公平分享开支开发和测试的现任和前任成员，双橡园社区：共同创始人吉Kinkade ，贸易赛创新教授亨利锤，配额发明家南韦恩达科他州，促进树Bressen ，激活Paxus Calta ，和玩家尔杰斯少许。 Dr. Robert Tupelo-Schneck invented and programmed the best system for Fair-share Spending.博士图珀洛，施内克发明和编程最好的制度公平分享支出。

My work was inspired by physics teachers Camilla Fano at the Sidwell Friends School and Dr.我工作的灵感来自卡米拉范诺物理教师在学校和西德维尔之友博士 Byron Youtz at The Evergreen State Collage, and by my father, Dr. 拜伦Youtz在常绿州立大学，和我的父亲，博士 William C. Loring Jr. , a wise practitioner of applied social sciences; through the US Public Health Service and the World Health Organization he taught the art and science of building participatory organizations. 柯伟罗林小，一个明智的医生应用社会科学;通过美国公共卫生服务和世界卫生组织，他教的艺术和科学建设的参与组织。

Robert Loring罗伯特罗林
Bethesda, Maryland USA马里兰州贝塞斯达市美国
April, 1999, revised October 2008 1999年4月， 2008年10月修订

About the Author关于作者

Many years ago I left Oberlin College because it wasn't helping me to investigate directly enough the questions I, and many other teens, felt were paramount.许多年前我离开奥伯林学院 ，因为它不是帮我调查的问题直接足够我和其他许多青少年，认为是至高无上的。 The central one was "What is the purpose of life, my life in particular?"中央一“的目的是什么生活，特别是我的生命？ ” By asking acquaintances a series of " Why do you value that?"问熟人了一系列的“ 为什么你的价值？ ” questions, I found that all value systems have unreasoning end points, either a loop or a stone wall.问题，我发现，所有的价值系统盭终点，无论是一个循环或石墙。

A simplistic and factitious example: "Why do you eat?"一个简单的和人为的例子： “你为什么吃？ ” "To stay alive." “才能生存下去。 ” "Why do you want to stay alive?" “你为什么想活下去？ ” 1)"To eat!" 1 ） “ ，吃！ ” (a loop), 2)"Because that's all there is." （一环） ， 2 ） “ ，因为这是所有有。 ” (a wall). （墙） 。 Most often the end point or loop invokes God's or nature's authority.最常见的终点或循环援引上帝的或自然的权威。 Ultimately this means that the individual's responsibility to design a value system and a life is abdicated to someone else who thought up the particular God or nature invoked: a philosopher, a scientist, a government, an ad agency, et cetera.最终这意味着，个人的责任，设计的价值体系和生活退位别人谁想到了上帝或性质特别引用：一个哲学家，科学家，政府，广告机构，等等。

But we should not necessarily accept those values nor even everything we personally sense is actually given by God or nature.但是，我们不一定要接受这些价值，甚至个人的一切，我们的感觉是上帝给予的实际或性质。 The Creator造物主 is either not all knowing and powerful (in which case the creation may have mistakes and should not be accepted as is), or is, and deliberately是不是所有的都知道，功能强大（在这种情况下，创造可能的错误，不应该被接受为是） ，或者是，故意 created a universe in which the good may suffer and evil can prosper and damn their souls.创造了宇宙中可能遭受的利益和邪恶可以繁荣和该死他们的灵魂。 This is known as the " theodicy problem. "这是被称为“ theodicy问题 。 ” Nature's evolutionary competition may spawn situations which we as individuals or groups would be happier without.自然的进化竞争可能产生的情况，我们作为个人或团体将不幸福。 For example, the usual competition for scarce resources may lead us to nuclear annihilation.例如，通常对稀缺资源的竞争可能导致我们核毁灭。

Then it seemed to me that the purpose of life was happiness , as it is variously defined.然后我觉得人生的目的是幸福的 ，因为它是不同的界定。 One may define it as pleasure / pain maximization (or S & M) or surrender to God's will (or to the war game) or any other way of meeting a core set of values.一个可以定义为快乐/痛苦最大化（或S ＆ M ）的或移交给天意（或战争游戏）或任何其他方式满足了一套核心的价值观。

The key question then is: "Emphasizing which values will most likely lead to my/our happiness?"关键的问题则是： “强调这些价值观念将最有可能导致我/我们的幸福吗？ ” It seems likely that the values should match most human needs and desires, the laws of nature and of spirit.看起来似乎价值观应该符合大多数人的需要和愿望，自然规律和精神。 We may decide to subdue or change some of our animal nature but we don't want to fight God or nature any more than we have to.我们可以决定制服或改变我们的一些动物性，但我们不想打仗上帝或性质的任何超过我们不得不这样做。

Yes, this brings me back to where we all started, but it leaves me freer to knowingly pick which urges to be sensitive to, freer to try various lifestyles, freer to accept or reject, as friends, people with different points of view, and freer to let it all ride.是的，这使我回到我们大家都在开始，但它让我自由地知情选择哪些敦促必须敏感地，自由地尝试不同的生活方式，自由接受或拒绝，作为朋友，有不同的观点，并自由，让这一切的旅程。

Freedom lets people choose the values that work best for themselves.让人们自由选择的价值观念最适合自己。 Social diversity is essential for real freedom.社会的多样性是至关重要的真正的自由。 Which led me to make tools that help us manage our diversity.这导致我提出的工具，帮助我们管理我们的多样性。

How I picked this research project我是怎样挑选这一研究项目

I searched thoroughly for a "shallow field" where one creative person could make a significant difference.俺彻底搜查了“浅水领域” ，其中一个创造性的人可以做出显着性差异。 A field where one could improve relations between people (the most reliable predictor of a person's overall happiness) by inventing "tools between people".一个领域可以改善人与人之间的关系（最可靠的预测一个人的整体幸福）发明“工具之间的人” 。 The tools, I felt, should be self-reproducing at very low cost with no damage to the environment or advantage to the rich.这些工具，我觉得，应该自我复制以非常低的成本，没有对环境的破坏或利用的丰富。 They should, of course, promote peaceful, reasonable relations.他们当然应该促进和平，合理的关系。

Voting systems are tools which define a "signal relationship", a very public model showing us the way to treat each other.投票系统的工具，其中界定了“信号的关系” ，一个非常公众模型显示我们的方式相待。 Thus voting affects our quality of life, not only in setting our policies but in setting the mixture of conflict and co-operation, the respect we give and receive.因此，参加表决的影响我们的生活质量，不仅在制定我们的政策，但在确定混合物的冲突与合作，我们给予的尊重和接受。 " Do unto others... " “ 勿施于他人 ... ”

I feel the US culture is out of balance, that it emphasizes too much competition, individualism and materialism.我觉得美国的文化是失去平衡，它强调太多的竞争，个人主义和物质主义。 Certainly it appears unbalanced compared to the other highly developed nations and compared to most traditional cultures.当然，出现不平衡的其它城市相比，高度发达的国家和比较，最传统的文化。 So I want to invent tools to help people co-operate.所以我想发明的工具，帮助人们开展合作。

To truly give to others and make lives better than they would be without my work, these have to be tools we need but that probably won't be researched and developed by companies or governments because they can't be patented for profit or hoarded for advantage.要真正给他人，使生活更美好比他们将没有我的工作，这些都必须的工具，我们需要，但可能不会研究和开发的公司或政府，因为他们不能获得专利的利润或囤积的优势。

Years of unpaid work developing PoliticalSim ^TM and Accurate Democracy have taken a toll on my health.多年的无偿工作发展PoliticalSim ^TM和准确的民主已经采取了人数上的健康。 But compared with directly fighting poverty and corporate feudalism, this has been a pleasant life.但与直接与贫困作斗争和企业封建主义，这是一个愉快的生活。

Promote sensitivity to the joys of 促进敏感性的乐趣
• Nature's beauty and wisdom, the sense of wonder;大自然的美丽和智慧，责任感不知道;
• Understanding, incisive science;理解，深刻的科学;
• Freedom, diversity, self-expression;自由，多样性，自我表达;
• Friendship, empathy.友谊，同情。
• Sharing , group projects, voluntary co-operation.共享，集团项目，自愿合作。

Nonviolence 非暴力
• More help to the poor or powerless than to the rich or powerful;更多帮助穷人或无能为力，而不是富人或强大;
• No aid to using coercive force.任何援助使用强制力量。

Low-cost elegance 低成本优雅
• Easy to use and simple to learn;易于使用和简单的学习;
• Self-reproducing, social and conceptual inventions;自我复制，社会和概念性的发明;
• Made with visible components.取得明显的组成部分。