Accurate Democracy 准确的民主 
Tools. 工具 。 Income for Experts. 收入的专家 。 print. translate. 打印 。转化。
| Accurate Democracy 准确的民主 | Voting Systems. 投票系统 。 Tools. 工具 。 Income for Experts. 收入的专家 。 print. translate. 打印 。转化。 |
 | Business Prospects业务展望 | |
Money for democratic reformers.钱民主改革。 Organizations open to real democracy 组织开放 ， 真正的民主 Organizations open to change? 组织开放的变化？Some organizations are poor prospects for democratic reforms.有些组织是穷人前景民主改革。 They may lack an open power structure; a ruling faction almost always blocks any change that might weaken their hold on power. Most factions advocate expanding democracy when they are out of power.他们可能缺乏一个开放的权力结构;执政党派几乎总是块的任何改变可能削弱他们的权力。多数派别主张扩大民主时，他们已经失去权力。 But they renege on their promises when they achieve the power to enact reforms -- even though they know the reforms would be good for stable democracy and good for them personally the next time they are in the minority.但是，他们违背自己的诺言时，实现有权制定改革-即使他们知道，改革将有利于稳定的民主制度和良好的亲自为他们的下一次他们是少数。Student Governments学生政府Survey student governments to find which are most likely to want good voting rules; start with historically liberal schools which have competitive campaigns for single-seat and multi-seat elections.政府调查的学生找到最有可能想要良好投票规则;从历史上开明的学校，有竞争力的运动，单座，多席位的选举。
Voting Tasks for Experts投票任务专家Experts may provide software, computers, ballot scanners or data entry clerks and audit certification to customers.专家可提供的软件，电脑，扫描仪或投票数据输入员和审计证书给客户。They may introduce the type of ballot used; explain why setting budgets needs to take more than one poll,他们可能会推出的类型，投票方法;解释了为什么确定预算需要一个以上的调查显示， Here are five voting tasks with the most profitable first.这里有五个投票任务最有利可图的第一次。 Selecting Projects选择项目Willingness: 愿意 ：* Many groups already strive for fair allocations. *许多团体已经争取公平分配。 These include foundations, religious congregations, service clubs and student governments.其中包括基金会，宗教团体，俱乐部和学生服务的政府。 Many of these same groups only pretend to have elections.许多这些相同的群体只能假装有选举。 They forcefully avoid competition because too often the losers leave and sometimes the organization is split or seriously weakened.它们有力地避免竞争，因为往往是失败者离开，有时是分裂的组织或严重削弱。 Ease: 方便 ： * No parliamentary skills are needed. *没有议会的技能是必要的。 (Selecting projects through sequential agenda voting requires considerable parliamentary skill by the chair and strategy by the contestants. These skills are a great time cost for a once-a-year decision.) （选择项目，通过连续议程议会投票需要大量的技能主席和战略的参赛者。这些技能是一支伟大的一次性费用为一年一次的决定。 ） Voting requires practically no investment.参加表决的要求几乎没有投资。 Why hasn't it happened?为什么没有发生？ It is almost too easy: most groups can do it on their own.这实在是太容易了：最团体可以做自己的。 But they will want experts the first year to teach voters how to consider the options and how their votes will be processed, to act as neutral auditors for data entry and system checks while perhaps teaching others to do these next year.但是，他们希望专家第一年教选民如何考虑的选项，以及如何将他们的票处理，作为中立的审计数据录入和系统检查，同时也许教学他人做这些明年。 Setting Budgets制定财政预算案The first four points are the same as above.第一个四点是相同的如上。In most organizations it occurs only once a year.在大多数组织它才会发生一次。 Proposals can be written and read well before voting.建议可以书写和阅读以及表决之前。 Voters lobby each other but little debate occurs.选民游说对方，但很少发生辩论。 * No parliamentary skills are needed. *没有议会的技能是必要的。 But the next three are opposite:但是，在未来三年相反： Software 软件 Why hasn't it happened?为什么没有发生？ Electing Reps选举1970Groups are not seeking help on this; they are content with old methods.群体没有寻求帮助在此，它们的内容与旧方法。 It takes a significant campaign to change the tradition.它考虑的一个重要活动，改变传统。 In most organizations it occurs only once a year.在大多数组织它才会发生一次。 Voting requires practically no investment.参加表决的要求几乎没有投资。 Electing a Chairperson选举一名主席Groups are not seeking help on this; they are content with old methods.群体没有寻求帮助在此，它们的内容与旧方法。The better methods are too easy; they don't need experts.更好的方法是太容易了;他们不需要专家。 Most groups have the skill to print ballots for ranked choices, fill them out, enter the data and tally their result using free software.大多数群体的技能打印选票排名的选择，填写出来，输入数据和统计的结果使用免费软件。 Setting Complex Policies设置复杂的政策Some may be delayed until an annual meeting.有些人可能会被推迟到每年一次。Debates are often long and contentious.辩论往往是长期和争议。 And proposals may be added shortly before voting.和建议可能会增加前不久投票。 - So superb parliamentary skills are needed. -因此，卓越的议会技能是必要的。 This is a very different job from auditing the voting and tallies for elections, projects and budgets.这是一个非常不同的工作从审计和统计的投票选举，项目和预算。 Voting is confusing投票是混淆
Annual Meeting 年度会议Schedule进度表Pre meeting: Meeting information packets handed out as participants arrive may include the 3 initial ballots for agency budgets, project proposals and election candidates. 前会议 ：会议信息包交给了作为参与者到达可能包括3选票机构初步预算，项目建议书和选举的候选人。 (Ballots can be mailed in advance if voters are not required to attend presentations and if there is little concern about coercion of voters, sales of ballots or other frauds.) （选票可邮寄提前如果选民不要求参加介绍，如果没有什么担心胁迫选民投票的销售或其他欺诈行为。 ） Saturday Morning: Agency budget presentations. 周六上午 ：局预算陈述。 Saturday Afternoon: Project proposal presentations. 周六下午 ：项目建议书的介绍。 Sunday Morning: Speeches by election candidates; 周日上午 ：演的候选人; Post meeting: Full results mailed to all members. 邮政会议 ：全结果邮寄给所有成员。 Ballot投票This bubble-form ballot has 7 grades, A through f, (Blank is the worst.) with 5 levels of plus or minus for a total of 35 grade categories.这种泡沫式选票有7个等级， A到楼（空白是最糟糕的情况。 ）与5级为正负，共35级类别。 That will be enough for electing reps, adjusting budgets and selecting projects from long lists of options.这将是不够的选举代表，调整预算和选择项目从长期列出的选择。 It is easiest for voters to use this same kind of ballot for all voting tasks.这是最简单的选民使用此相同的投票表决的所有任务。 [Note: Some Condorcet-completion rules count a blank as "unknown". [注：有些孔完成规则指望一个空白的“未知” 。 This vote is more explicit if the ballot includes a separate column "U".这次表决是更明确的，如果投票包含一个单独的列中的“ U ” 。 Either way, the unknown candidate does not add nor take away a vote from a graded candidate in their Pairwise comparison.]无论哪种方式，对未知的候选人并没有增加，也没有拿走表决从分级候选人在其成对比较。 ]
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